Cystitis in women: symptoms and treatment, drugs, remedies for cystitis

Among many urological diseases, cystitis is the most common pathology in women.The etymology arises from the damage of the upper mucous membrane layer of the inner walls of the bladder caused by an inflammatory process.Sometimes the submucosa and muscle layer are involved in the damage process, which causes changes in the tissue structure of the organ and disrupts its functions.

Women are much more likely to suffer from cystitis (80% of all patients).The reason for this is the peculiarity of the female anatomical structure of the urethral canal.It is wider and shorter than the male urethra, which does not create difficulties for infectious agents.

The clinical picture of the disease can manifest itself in an acute or chronic form, with various symptoms and signs.

Causes of cystitis

Cystitis itself belongs to the classification of infectious diseases.Its existence is associated with bacterial carriers: coliform bacteria (in 70%), spherical staphylococci and other bacteria.The main role in the occurrence of cystitis in women is attributed to the spread of the infection from possible changes in the body:

• In the underlying organs (various forms of vulvovaginitis);
• Decreased path with the flow of urine from the inflammatory foci in the kidneys and upper part of the ureter;
• Hematogenously by promoting the pathogen (through the bloodstream).

Acute cystitis in women often develops as a result of structural underdevelopment of the urinary system or oncological tumors, which impede the normal flow of urine, contribute to acute retention in the urinary system and the development of infection.

The development of pathology is influenced by various factors that contribute to a decrease in the general resistance (resistance) of the immune system:

• Acute and chronic infectious diseases in history (suffered in the past) - inflammation of the appendages, fallopian tubes or ovaries, acute or purulent pyelonephritis, urethritis;
• Hypothermia and prolonged sedentary work;
• Conditions and diseases that reduce immune protection (pregnancy and diabetes);
• Chronic foci of infection - sore throat, rhinitis or tooth decay;
• Immunosuppressive drugs, stress and instability of the nervous system;
• Back injuries;
• Early sexual relations;
• Ignoring hygiene;
• Age factor.

Forms of cystitis and characteristics of manifestation

In women, cystitis can manifest itself in different forms, due to morphological changes in the cavity wall of the bladder.

• Catarrhal pathology is characterized by hyperemia and swelling of the mucous membrane of the membrane of the organ, which is caused by the inflammatory process.
• In hemorrhagic form, areas of bleeding damage appear on the mucous membrane.An increase in the number of red blood cells and severe hematuria (dark or red urine) occur.
• In the necrotic (ulcerated) form, deep depressions are observed in the form of furrows that penetrate the muscle tissue of the membrane.
• The follicular form of the disease is characterized by tubercles of the mucous membrane, which is caused by the formation of follicular tubercles under the mucosa, which do not change the surface of the cavity itself.
• Fibrous appearance - the surface of the mucous membrane is covered with a whitish or purple pus or fibrin film.The walls of the bladder become inflamed, the upper lining of the cavity becomes thicker and wrinkled.
• Bullous cystitis manifests itself in prolonged excessive redness and significant accumulation (swelling) of the upper layer of the inner lining of the bladder.
• The polyp manifestation is characterized by a long-term inflammatory process that provokes the formation of polyps on the mucous membrane layer and in the neck area of the organ.
• In cystic pathology, individual or group cystic neoplasms are formed under the mucosal layer of the bladder, filled with lymphatic tissue and surrounded by modified epithelium.
• The pathological embedding type is characterized by a long course.A characteristic symptom is the formation of phosphate deposits (deposits) on the wall of the bladder cavity, which later contribute to the formation of stones.The transformation of urea (carbamide) into alkali occurs due to the failure of bacterial microorganisms capable of metabolism.

Signs and symptoms of cystitis in women

Vivid symptoms of cystitis and pronounced signs of the disease were observed in women in acute cases with general intoxication (malaise, weakness, chills, vomiting or nausea, slight increase in temperature).

When the disease periodically recurs (more than 2 times a year) after remission (apparent recovery), it enters the chronic stage.Symptoms of chronic cystitis in women may be less pronounced.

Inflammatory processes alternate with periods of remission and acute clinical course.Cystitis in remission does not show external signs and symptoms.When the disease worsens, several characteristic symptoms appear:

1. Increased urge to urinate (every 20 minutes);
2. Pain, burning and stinging along the urethra during urination;
3. Pain in the suprapubic area (can be an independent symptom or accompany the release of urine);
4. Unpleasant smell and turbidity of urine, formation of flakes, pus or blood clots in it;
5. Sensation of residual urine in the bladder;
6. Pain in the lumbar and kidney region;
7. Enuresis (urinary incontinence) may develop.

Chronic cystitis in womenthe clinical course of the disease has different signs.

• The latent course is stable, with rare or frequent exacerbations.Symptoms are “erased” or completely absent.
• The persistent type manifests itself in symptoms characteristic of chronic pathology.In this case, the functions of the urinary tract are not affected.Variable remission and exacerbation, signs of internal bleeding are possible.
• The interstitial course is characterized by stable, painful manifestations with significantly pronounced symptoms.The spread of inflammation deep into the tissues, the disorder of the tank function (enuresis).This is the most severe type of the disease.

With timely treatment, the disease can be treated quickly, otherwise complications cannot be avoided.

Possibility of complications

Lack of treatment or incorrectly selected therapy leads to relapse and complications of the disease:

1. The transition of inflammatory processes to the muscle structure of the bladder wall - the development of interstitial type pathology.
2. The increasing spread of the infection, which affects the covering organs of the urinary system, which contributes to the development of related background pathologies - damage to the renal pelvis, purulent nephritis, etc.
3. Intraperitoneal rupture of the bladder (not excluded) with the development of peritonitis.

Cystitis - which doctor should a woman see?

If signs of the disease appear, you should consult a urologist to confirm the diagnosis.This doctor is the one who solves urological problems.

In order to rule out the consequences of STDs, you should consult a gynecologist.It may be necessary to smear the vaginal flora, which helps to identify the disease and determine its stage of development.

Diagnosis - identification of the disease

Different types of diagnostic tests are used to identify the disease, from express diagnostics to traditional test methods, including:

• examination of blood and urine parameters;
• identification of hidden inflammatory processes in the urinary system;
• diagnosis of infectious diseases using PCR analysis;
• container sowing for vegetation - detection of UPM (bacteria);
• identification of underlying diseases - ultrasound of the urogenital system;
• analysis of vaginal dysbiosis;
• biopsy;
• endoscopic examination of the inner cavity of the bladder (cystoscopy).

How to treat cystitis in women?- drugs and medicines

How quickly cystitis can be cured in women depends on a correctly prepared treatment protocol.Treatment tactics include various therapeutic techniques.

Drug therapy includes prescribing antibiotics appropriate for chronic cystitis in women to control co-infections—a combination of a class of cephalosporins and protected penicillins.

They are prescribed immediately, without waiting for the identification of the pathogen, with the subsequent modification of the drugs.

The main treatment is taking pills.When treating cystitis in women, tablets are prescribed to relieve symptoms.These include anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents, anticonvulsants and uroseptics based on nitrofurans and sulfonamides.Antispasmodics and natural uroseptics (herbs, herbs, etc.) can be prescribed as additional treatment.

Each medication is prescribed purely individually.Since many of them have a number of contraindications and restrictions on their use.The treatment will be complete if you follow a gentle regimen and a balanced diet, as diet plays an important role.

• drink more fluids (still water, fruit juices);
• foods containing more vitamin C;
• exclude from the diet smoked meats, spices, fried foods, foods rich in potassium (foods made from cottage cheese, cheese and milk);
• Alcohol is not allowed.

Measures to prevent cystitis

In order to prevent relapse of the disease, you must strictly follow the doctor's recommendations.Basic rules:

• avoid hypothermia and prolonged sitting;
• It consumes 1.5 liters.daily fluid;
• avoid stagnation of urine (do not resist the urge);
• use protection methods during intimacy;
• do not neglect personal hygiene (especially during the menstrual cycle).

Following these simple rules will protect you from re-treatment of the disease.